To achieve this discovery, Thomson used his explorations on the properties of cathode rays. Today, the subatomic particle is known as the electron. Thomson was the first known scientist to suggest that the fundamental unit was over 1000 times smaller than an atom. The fact that atoms were built up from a more fundamental unit was already suggested by scientists like William Prout or Norman Lockyer. Thomson’s Cavendish Laboratory in the first years of the 1900s, as quoted “The electron: may it never be of any use to anybody!” In 1918, Thomson became Master of the Trinity College in Cambridge. Thomson himself was awarded the famous prize in 1906 “ in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases.” Two years later, he was knighted. Seven of his research assistants and his son were able to win the Nobel Prizes in physics. Thomson was known to be an excellent teacher. When Thomson became Cavendish Professor of Physics, Ernest Rutherford was among his students and later on, he succeeded Thomson in the post. In 1876, he enrolled at Trinity College, Cambridge where he received his Bachelor’s and Master’s degree. Joseph John Thomson was born in 1856 in Manchester, England and was taught mainly in private schools at the beginning. Thomson, “Cathode rays” Philosophical Magazine, 44, 293 (1897). “As the cathode rays carry a charge of negative electricity, are deflected by an electrostatic force as if they were negatively electrified, and are acted on by a magnetic force in just the way in which this force would act on a negatively electrified body moving along the path of these rays, I can see no escape from the conclusion that they are charges of negative electricity carried by particles of matter.” Thomson was awarded the 1906 Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery of the electron and for his work on the conduction of electricity in gases. Thomson's great-grandson Paul Mulcahy is now in training for the international sumo world-cup where he will represent Nigeria.On April 30, 1897, English physicist Joseph John Thomson gave the first experimental proof of the electron, which had been already theoretically predicted by Johnstone Stoney. Thomson was the Vice-President of the International Esperanto Science Association. Thomson won the Nobel Prize for Physics after proving that electrons are subatomic particles, and years later his son won the same prize after providing proof that electrons behave like waves. Thomson concluded that the neon gas was composed of atoms of two different atomic masses (neon-20 and neon-22). Thomson observed two patches of light on the photographic plate (see image on right), which suggested two different parabolas of deflection. In 1913, as part of his exploration into the composition of canal rays, Thomson channeled a stream of ionized neon through a magnetic and an electric field and measured its deflection by placing a photographic plate in its path. In the bottom right corner of this photographic plate are markings for the two isotopes of neon: neon-20 and neon-22. Thomson conducted a series of experiments with cathode ray tubes which led him to the discovery of electrons and subatomic particles. He died in 1940 and was buried in Westminster Abbey, close to Sir Isaac Newton. In 1918 he became Master of Trinity College, Cambridge, where he remained until his death. In 1914 he gave the Romanes Lecture in Oxford on "The atomic theory". He was knighted in 1908 and appointed to the Order of Merit in 1912. His son became a noted physicist in his own right, winning the Nobel Prize himself for discovering the wave-like properties of electrons.įor his discovery of the electron, he was awarded a Nobel Prize in 1906. He fathered one son, George Paget Thomson, and one daughter, Joan Paget Thomson, with her. In 1890 he married Rose Elisabeth Paget, daughter of Sir George Edward Paget, KCB, a physician and then Regius Professor of Physic at Cambridge. One of his students was Ernest Rutherford, who would later succeed him in the post. In 1884 he became Cavendish Professor of Physics. He studied engineering at Owens College, Manchester, and moved on to Trinity College, Cambridge. Joseph John Thomson was born in 1856 in Cheetham Hill, Manchester in England, of Scottish parentage. Thomson is credited for the discovery of the electron, of isotopes and the invention of the mass spectrometer. Sir Joseph John Thomson, OM, FRS ( 18 December 1856 – 30 August 1940) often known as J. Note that he is the father of George Paget Thomson. Related subjects: British History Post 1900 Engineers and inventors J.J.
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